JOPIC
Journal of Pulmonology and Intensive Care

The JoPIC is an independent-unbiased, peer-reviewed, and open-access journal of current national and international issues and reviews for original clinical and experimental research, interesting case reports, surgical techniques, differential diagnoses, editorial opinions, letters to the editor, and educational papers in pulmonology, thoracic surgery, occupational diseases, allergology, and intensive care medicine.

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Original Article
Pre-pandemic early viral pneumonias; could we have encountered COVID-19 before? Accompanying a diagnostic model
Abstract
Aims: COVID-19 shows overlapping clinical and radiological findings with other viral pneumonias. This study designed to explore the likelihood of the existence of COVID-19 pneumonia in our country before March 11th, date of first official COVID-19 case detected in Turkey, by using a diagnostic model designed with radiologic and laboratory findings.
Methods: 273 patients with pre-diagnosis of viral pneumonia were aggrouped according to hospitalization date (before and after 11March), naso-oropharyngeal swab PCR results. Thoracic tomographies, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, platelet values of all patients were evaluated.
Results: Laboratory findings of lymphocyte, eosinophil counts (p<0.05) were significantly low; radiologic findings of round opacity, cobblestone, nodüle, subpleural line were significant in COVID-19 group (p<0.05). ‘Round opacity’, ‘subpleural line’, ‘nodule’, ‘lymphocyte’ variables were found to be statistically significant for final model (p<0.05). COVID-19 diagnosis possibility; increases 302.9% by ‘round opacity’, 355.6% by ‘subpleural lines’; and decreases 59.1% by ‘nodule’ presence, 31.7% by one unit increase in lymphocyte level. Based on final model; 49.3% of the participants before 11 March 2020 were predicted to be positive for COVID-19.
Conclusion: According to these findings, we can say that COVID-19 patients existed before March 11th, 2020 in Turkey, for the first time. Also based on same diagnostic model; subpleural lines, presence of cobblestone, round opacity appearances and absence of nodules on tomography, and the presence of lymphopenia and eosinopenia in the cell count can also be used to support the diagnosis of COVID pneumonia.

Keywords : COVID-19, pre-pandemic viral pneumonia, radiology findings, laboratory findings, diagnostic model

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Article available in :
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2025
Page : 7-12
https://doi.org/10.51271/JOPIC-0048
Article Information
Received : 01 Şub 2025
Accepted : 17 Şub 2025
Published : 21 Şub 2025
Corresponding Author :

Nevra Güllü Arslan: Department of Pulmonology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkiye

[email protected]
Citation : Arslan NG, Eksert İrkilata F, Özbalcı AB. Pre-pandemic early viral pneumonias; could we have encountered COVID-19 before? Accompanying a diagnostic model. J Pulmonol Intens Care. 2025;3(1):7-12.

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