1. Thalhammer J, Kindle G, Nieters A, et al. Initial presenting manifestations in 16,486 patients with inborn errors of immunity include infections and noninfectious manifestations. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;148(6):1332-1341.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.020
2. Seidel MG, Kindle G, Gathmann B, et al. The European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry working definitions for the clinical diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(6):1763-1770. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.004
3. Chapel H, Lucas M, Lee M, et al. Common variable immunodeficiency disorders: division into distinct clinical phenotypes. Blood. 2008;112(2): 277-286. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-11-124545
4. Park JH, Levinson AI. Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). Clin Immunol. 2010;134(2):97-103. doi:10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.006
5. Odnoletkova I, Kindle G, Quinti I, et al. The burden of common variable immunodeficiency disorders: a retrospective analysis of the European Society for Immunodeficiency (ESID) registry data. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2018;13(1):201. doi:10.1186/s13023-018-0938-1
6. Fernández Pérez ER, Hunter M, Katial RK. United States trends in mortality rates for primary immunodeficiency diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(3):1045-1048. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2018.09.018
7. Abolhassani H, Azizi G, Sharifi L, et al. Global systematic review of primary immunodeficiency registries. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2020; 16(7):717-732. doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1788067
8. Resnick ES, Moshier EL, Godbold JH, Cunningham-Rundles C. Morbidity and mortality in common variable immune deficiency over 4 decades. Blood. 2012;119(7):1650-1657. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09- 379164
9. Cabañero-Navalon MD, Garcia-Bustos V, Nuñez-Beltran M, et al. Current clinical spectrum of common variable immunodeficiency in Spain: the multicentric nationwide GTEM-SEMI-CVID registry. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1033666. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033666
10. Tashtoush B, Memarpour R, Ramirez J, Bejarano P, Mehta J. Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease as the first manifestation of common variable immunodeficiency. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(1):337-343. doi:10.1111/crj.12525
11. Ho HE, Cunningham-Rundles C. Non-infectious complications of common variable immunodeficiency: updated clinical spectrum, sequelae, and insights to pathogenesis. Front Immunol. 2020;11:149. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00149
12. Leung J, Dorsey MJ, Dvorak CC, et al. Prevalence of granulomas in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders, United States: data from national health care claims and the US Immunodeficiency Network Registry. J Clin Immunol. 2018;38(6):717-726. doi:10.1007/s 10875-018-0529-6
13. Mañá J, Gámez C, Salazar A, et al. Multidisciplinary approach and long-term follow-up in a series of 640 consecutive patients with sarcoidosis: cohort study of a 40-year clinical experience at a tertiary referral center in Barcelona, Spain. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(29):e7595. doi:10. 1097/MD.0000000000007595
14. Mannina A, Chung JH, Swigris JJ, et al. Clinical predictors of a diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency-related granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(7):1042-1049. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201601-061OC
15. Rubio-Rivas M, Franco J, Corbella X. Sarcoidosis presenting with and without Löfgren’s syndrome: clinical, radiological and behavioral differences observed in a group of 691 patients. Joint Bone Spine. 2020; 87(2):141-147. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.09.005
16. Cinetto F, Scarpa R, Pulvirenti F, et al. Granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID): a multicenter retrospective study of patients from Italian PID referral centers. Front Immunol. 2021;12:627423. doi:10.3389/fimmu. 2021.627423
17. Chawla S, Bhattarai P, Joshi AY, et al. Autoimmune cytopenias in common variable immunodeficiency are a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum: an update. Front Immunol. 2022;13:869466. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.869466
18. Hurst JR, Verma N, Lowe D, et al. British Lung Foundation/United Kingdom Primary Immunodeficiency Network consensus statement on the definition, diagnosis, and management of granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2017;5(4): 938-945. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2017.01.031
19. Verbsky JW, Routes JM, Kinney MC, et al. Rituximab and antimetabolite treatment of granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021;147(2):704-712.e17. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.07.031
20. Dhalla F, Lochlainn DJM, Chapel H, Patel SY. Histology of interstitial lung disease in common variable immune deficiency. Front Immunol. 2020;11:605187. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.605187